-
Ordinarily, in a parenthetical reference you include the author's last
name and page number in parentheses: (Jones 47). Place the parenthetical
reference at the end of a sentence in which information has been borrowed
from a source--in this case, information from a source written by an author
named Jones, which appeared on page 47 of the source.
- When an author's name is mentioned in the text of a
sentence that contains information borrowed from that author, you do
NOT
need to include the author's name in the parenthetical reference. For
example, (47).
- A parenthetical reference for a Web site (or other
non-print source) does NOT include a
page number. Include only the
author's last name, unless it is mentioned in the text of the sentence, in
which case NO parenthetical reference appears at all!
- In MLA parenthetical reference format, NO comma
appears between the author's last name and the page number. (In some
other formats you may use a comma in a parenthetical reference, but NOT
in MLA.)
- In a sentence containing a parenthetical reference at the
end of the sentence, the period ALWAYS follows the parenthetical
reference.
- When one parenthetical reference contains references from
more than one page, and the pages are not continuous, place a comma
between the page numbers.
- When you refer to the same source more than once in a
paragraph, you may provide a single parenthetical reference after the last
piece of information borrowed from that source. However, do this only if
it is clear to the reader where the borrowed information begins and ends.
Let the clarity and readability of the paragraph determine where, and how
often, you place parenthetical references from the same
source.
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